England and the Irish Catholic Church. However by 1830 the Irish had their own schools, and had won the right to vote and hold public offices. No doubt the memories of the bitter ethnic and religious clashes colored the pictures the immigrants later gave to those who recounted their stories. The image of the Irish as persecuted people is, ac- cording to the Irish sociologist Desmond Keenan, an old patriotic one.28

Clearly, there were many economic and social conditions motivating those early immigrants. They were young families; in 1841 most had three or four children. Whether Irish or Loyalist they knew ethnic and/or religious discrimination. Land was scarce in Ireland; it was taken from the Loyalists in the USA. And the Irish suffered from increasing land rents and taxes. On the other hand, the early 18005 was a time of change and reform in Europe and in the new United States of America. Freedoms and rights were being championed. And America promised plenty of rich land, work and freedom. It is a promise im— migrants still leave home and friends to claim.

Notes and References for Chapter I:

1. From an interview with the grand—daughter of Bridget McCarvill, Sister Mary Henry, C.S.M. (Catherine Mulligan), 1985, Charlottetown, RBI.

2. From a genealogical history of the Johnston Family, Johnston Family Reunion, 1986, p. 6.

3. Prince Edward Island Census of 1841, Lot 27. Public Archives of Prince Edward Island (PAPEI).

4. See announcements for construction of roads and bridges in the Royal Gazette, February 21 and October 2, 1832.

5.

The names of the male householders are printed in the 1841 Census for Township (Lot) 27, as are the numbers in each household; the names of their wives were ob- tained from their relatives and from the Parish Records of St. Malachy’s, Kinkora, St. Dunstan’s, Charlottetown, St. Joseph’s, Kelly’s Cross, and St. Peter’s, Seven Mile Bay. These Parish Records were ex— amined on microfilm from the Genealogical Library of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, Burnaby, British Columbia. Years of land registration were obtained from the Land Registry Records, Leases, Lot 27, RE]. (PAPEI). and the Rent Book,

Pope, Lot 27: 1828-1846, (PAPEI) Land Registry Records, Vol. 2, 1769-1872. (PAPEI)

Doris Muncey Haslam. The Wrights of Bedeque, A Loyalist Family, 1978. Summerside, P.E.I., Vol. 1:13. (Courtesy of Eldon Wright, Middleton, P.E.I.)

. Ibid. p. 5.

9. Names of the male householders and the numbers in

10. 11.

12.

13.

12

each household are from the 1841 Census for Township 27 , P.E.I.; the names of the wives were ob— tained from the source named in Reference #5 above.

Data from the 1841 Census for Lot 27, P.E.I. (PAPEI)

See the note for Searletown in Alan Rayburn, Geographical Names of Prince Edward Island, 1973. (Surveys and Mapping Branch, Department of Energy, Mines and Resources), Ottawa, p. 112.

Registration of this land grant to James Searle can be seen in the Land Registry Records, 1769-1872, Vol. 2, and is dated July 31, 1769. (PAPEI)

A Plan of Part of Lot No. 27 in Prince Edward Island, 1825. (PAPEI)