-9- 
     
    
   
   
    
     crifisism,so in this way Orwell itSelf was influential in intel— 
     
     lectual circles in Montreal in the early 20th Century. (Ian 
     
     Robertson, introduction to New Canadian Library Edition) MacPhail 
     
     maintained ties with Orwell. and his house is presently a provin- 
     
    
   
   
    
     cial historical site. 
     
    
   
   
    
     By the 1870's and 80's, shipbuilding had declined and almost 
     
     stopped on the Island. The reasons for this were complex, but 
     
     among them were the introduction of iron—hulled ships, the short- 
     
     age of wood of sufficient size on the Island. and the economics 
     
     of producing the ships in a failing economy. Orwell became, in 
     
     the main. dependent on its farming as its livelihood and way of 
     
     life. Many young people took part in the exodus from Orwell, as 
     
     from the rest of P.E.I., to "the Boston states" where work could 
     
     be found. Farming could provide a livelihood for some, but it 
     
     did not generate much money. Sir Andrew MacPhail wrote, "the 
     
     man who farms only for money there is in it is a fool, because 
     
     one who can make money out of farming can make a great deal more 
     
    
   
   
    
     out of something else". (The Master's Wife) 
     
    
   
   
    
     The Daily Examiner of January 13, 1899, lists the total 
     
     value of goods shipped out of Orwell for the previous year ~- 
     
     potatoes $850, oysters $1200, oats $315, turnips $50; and cheese 
     
     $12,300. 
     
    
   
   
    
     Good facilities for transporting produce assumed major 
     
     importance at this time. Transportation by road was unreliable. 
     
     In summer it was a long journey by road, and-infoived_crossingi; 
     
    
   
   
    
     the Hillsborough River by ferry. But at other seasons there were