M ICASUR EM l‘INTS—RANG 1‘1.

Jlmsi‘grwnimIsa—All the measurements given are in English inches and lmndredths. Those of birds are average measurements. taken for the most, part from specimens in the Ameriean Museum of Natural His- tory. I have also, with the author‘s permission. made use of the excellent series of measurements in Dr. H. A. Mearns's Birds of the Hudson Highlands. A 'ariation of about ten per cent from the figures given may be expected.

The total length (: L.) of a bird is found by gently stretching the specimen. laying it on its back, and measuring.r the distance from the end of its bill to the tip of its longest tail-feather. The length of the wing (: \V.) is the distance from the "bend of the wing” to the end of the longest primary. The length of the tail (z T.) is the distance from the base, or insertion of the middle feather. to the end of the longest feather. The length of the tarsus (= Tar.) is the distance from the base, or insertion of the toes. to the end of the tibia, or what in reality is the heel. The “ tarsus” is therefore the true foot of the bird. while the part to which this name is generally applied consists only of the toes The length of the bill (: B. . or " culmen," is the dis- tance from the anterior base of the feathers on the forehead to the tip of the upper mandible. With the exception of total length these measurements are gen- erally taken with a pair of dividers.

Rang/Iz—The paragraphs under this heading have been prepared with special reference to the bird‘s dis- tribution in eastern North America They are sup- plemented by a concise statement of the bird's manner of occurrence and the usual times of migration of the nonresident species at three or four localities. This information is the best it is possible to obtain. and has not been previously published. I‘laeh locality is treated by a recognized authority on its bird-life from notes based on observations extending over many years.

The data from \Vashington. l). (1., were supplied by Mr. (l. V\'. ltielnnond. ol' the Smithsonian Institution. Not only has 311'. Richmond given years to field work in the, District of Columbia. but he has had access to the notes of the numerous ornilliologists who have observed in the same region.

37

Inches and tenths.

Fla. 4,