64 AUKS, MURRES, AND I’L'FHNS.

bill utters a peculiar grunting or groaning. espeeially when sitting. ()n the water it may be distinguished from the Guillemot, at adis- tanee, by its upturned tail " (Saunders).

33. Plautus impennis (Hillel. (lIHEAT ;\I'K.Vl‘p1bel‘ parts fuseons hlaek, a large white spot bet'ore the e) e; seeondaries tipped with white; sides ot‘the neek and throat seal»brown. rest of the under parts silvery white. I“, gs‘oo—SU-UU; \V. g 1%.. 3'13—3‘50; greatest depth of 1%.. 1-5o i11idgw.).

[fang/v.1"Formerly the eoasts and islands of the North .-\tlantie,t‘rom Massaehusetts and Ireland northward nearly to the Aretie Cirele “ (A. U. 1].). New extmet.

Egg, pyrifbrmrovate‘ pale olive bull'y, variously marked with brown and blaek, 4‘67 x 2‘31 iliidgw.).

The Great Auk was flightless. Like otli'er birds of this family, it frequented eertain loealities in large numbers each year to breed. Early Voyager's and tisherinen visited its nesting grounds, killing the helpless birds in enormous numbers for their flesh. feathers, and oil. The result was extinetion. and no living Great Auk has been observed since 1842. About seventy specimens are known to be preserved in collections. (See Laws, Rep. Smith. Inst.. 1691, pp. 638—641.)

34. Alle alle (Liana. Dori-11(1):; Sm Done. 4‘11]. in mun/unz—I'pper parts, wings, and tail sooty blaek: sides and front of the neek and upper breast somewhat browner; seeondaries tipped and seapulars streaked with white; lower breast and belly white. Ail. in, winter (1124/ lm.~>’iniilar to the above, but throat whiter or washed with dusk and sometimes a gray eollar on the nape. 1... ts" >0; \\'., 45)”; T1111, '7”; 11¢»).

[Ranger—“Coasts and islands of' the North Atlanti- and eastern Arctic Oceans " ('A. 0. l‘. l. Breeds t'roin latitude I11)“ nortlnvard: in winter migrates southward. rarely to Long Island and New Jersey; aeeidental in Pennsylva-

nia and Virginia.

Long Island. irregular W. V. Sing Sing. A. V.

.YI-sl. on the ledges and in the ereviees of rocky cliffs. Eyy. one, pale bluish white, 1'85 x 1'27.

“ On the approach of a vessel this bird has a peeuliar way of splash- ing,r alongr the surfaee of the water, as if unable to fly. and then divingr through the erest, of an advaneing wave; it. swims rather deep and very mueh ‘by the stern.’ . . ." (Saunders).

“ It‘s wir ' are small, but. they are moved almost as rapidly as a Hummingbirds and propel the bird through the air with great 'apil- ity. This bird is an expert diver too. and. though awkward on lard, swims with ease and g 'aee. . . ." (Chamberlain).