7O GULLS. 
     
    
   
   
    
     third to fifth primaries black at the ends and with white tips; hind toe very 
     
     small, a mere knob without a nail ; bill yellowish, feet black. Ad. in winter. 
     
     ———Similar to above, but the top of the head and back of the neck washed with 
     
     pearl-gray, and a dark spot about the eye. Im.—Similar to winter adults, 
     
     but with the back of the neck, lesser wing-coverts, and part of the tertials 
     
     black; tail, except outer pair of feathers, with a black band at its tip; four 
     
     outer primaries black, except the inner half or more of their inner webs; fifth 
     
     and sixth tipped with black and white; bill black, feet yellowish. L., 16-00; 
     
     W., 12-00; T., 4-50; B., 1-30. 
     
    

    
     Remarks—This species can always be distinguished by the small size of 
     
     the hind toe. 
     
    

    
     Range—Northern parts of the northern hemisphere; in America, breed— 
     
     ing commonly from the Magdalen Islands northward, and wintering as far 
     
     south as the Great Lakes in the interior, and,on the coast, commonly to Long 
     
     Island, and rarely to Virginia. 
     
    

    
     Long Island, common T. V., a few winter, Nov. to Mch. 
     
    

    
     Nest, of grass, moss, and seaweed on the ledges of rocky cliffs. Eggs, 
     
     three to four, varying from shades of bufl'y to grayish brown, distinctly and 
     
     obscurely marked with chocolate, 2-25 x 1-60. 
     
    
   
   
    
     “Our bird differs but little in its habits from other oceanic Gulls. 
     
     Feeding chiefly on fish, but accepting any diet that drifts within range 
     
     of its keen sight; drinking salt water in preference to fresh; breasting 
     
     a gale with ease and grace—soaring in midair, skimming close above 
     
     the crested waves, or swooping into the trough for a coveted morsel; 
     
     resting upon the rolling billows, and sleeping serenely as they roll, 
     
     with head tucked snugly under a. wing; wandering in loose flocks, 
     
     and making comrades of other wanderers; devoted to mate and young, 
     
     and attached to all its kin—wherever seen or however employed, the 
     
     Kittiwake is revealed as a typical gleaner of the sea. 
     
    

    
     “The name is derived from the bird’s singular cry, which resembles 
     
     the syllables kitti—aa, kitti-aa” (Chamberlain). 
     
    
   
   
    
     42. Lama glaucus Brian. IGLAUcocs GL'LL; Buncouasma. Ad. 
     
     in anmer.—Back and wings pale pearl»gray; primaries lightly tinted with 
     
     pearl, inner half of their inner webs and tips fading gradually into white; 
     
     rest. of the plumage pure white. Ad. in, whiten—Similar to the above, but 
     
     with the head and neck lightly streaked with grayish. Im.—Upper parts 
     
     varying from ashy gray to white, the feathers widely barred, mottled, or 
     
     streaked with bufl'y or ashy gray: primaries varying from pale smoky gray 
     
     to pure white; tail ashy or brownish gray; under parts varying from dirty 
     
     whitish to ashy gray, generally darker on the belly, sometimes mottled with 
     
     buffy or grayish. (Birds of the second year are said to be pure white.) L., 
     
     2800; W., 1710; B., 2-35; depth of B. at projection on the lower mandible, 
     
     ~75 to 1-00; Tan, 2-60. 
     
    

    
     Banger—Northern parts of the northern hemisphere; in North America 
     
     breeding commonly from southern Labrador northward and migrating south— 
     
    
   
   
    
     ward to the Great Lakes and Long Island.