GULLS. 71

Long Island, irregular W. V.

Nest, of grasses, moss, etc., on the ground. Eggs, two to three, varying from pale olive-brown to grayish white, spotted or speckled with shades of chocolate, 3'10 x 2'20.

Mr. Chamberlain remarks that this species combines “with some gull-like traits many of the coarse characteristics of both Falcon and Vulture.”

" Some observers have reported that flocks are at times very noisy, particularly when settling for the night; but those I have met with in winter have been rather silent. Their cry is harsh and at times very loud; it sounds something like the syllables kuk-lak. I have seen it written curt—leek.”

43. Larus leucopterul Faber. ICELAND GULL. Resembles the preceding species in color, but generally is much smaller; specimens occur, however, which appear to be intermediate. W., 15'40—16'50; B., 1'65—1'90; depth of B. at projection on the lower mandible, '60—'70; Tan, 2'05—2'20 (B., 13., and R ).

Range—Arctic regions; in North America migrates south in winter, rarely to Long Island.

Long Island, A. V. in winter.

Nest, of grasses, moss, etc., on the ground. Eggs, clay-color with numerous chocolate markings, 2'7 9 x 1'89.

“ The flight of the Iceland Gull, its feeding habits. and its manners generally, suggest a close affinity to the Herring Gull rather than to the Burgomaster” (Chamberlain).

45. Larus kumlleni Brewst. KUMLIEN’s GULL. Very similar in gen- eral color to the two preceding speeies,'but differs from them in the color of the primaries. These, instead of being uniformly pure white or but lightly tinted with gray, are marked with sharply defined spaces of ashy gray. The first primary is tipped with white and marked with ashy gray on the outer web and shaft part of the inner web; the second primary is ashy gray on only part of the outer web; the third and fourth primaries have smaller white tips and are marked with ashy gray near their ends on both webs. W.,15'50— 17'00; B., 1'65—1'88; depth of B. at projection on the lower mandible, '60—'66 ; Tan, 2'10—2'35 (Brewster).

Range—North Atlantic coast of North America; south in winter. to Massachusetts.

Nest, on “the shelving rocks of high clifi’s.”

“Mr. Kumlien found this bird breeding in considerable numbers near the head of Cumberland Gulf,”'but, owing to the difficulty of distinguishing immature specimens from those of L. leucopterus, its status on our coast in winter is not clearly determined. '

47. Lawns mam-inns Linn. GREAT BLACK-BACKED GULL; SADDLE- BACK. Ad. in eummer.—Back and wings slaty black; wing-feathers tipped