234 WOODPEt‘K ERS.

Eastern North America: breeds from Florida to northern New York and Manitoba; winters from Virginia, and oeeasionally trom northern New York southward.

\\'ashington, rather eonnnon S. 1L, rare W. V. Sing Sing, rare 1’. 1L, common in tall, Aug. :27 to ()ett 1:1. Cambridge, irregular at all seasons; sometimes eommon in tall.

Ai-xt, generally in a dead tree. Jig/gm. four to six. 1-oo x '75.

It’d/rye.

(live a bird an abundance of its favorite food, and its movements no longer seem to be governed by the calendar. lied-headed \Vood— peekers were supposed to migrate soutln'ard in the fall and pass the winter south of Maryland until ltr. Merriam. in his interesting ac- count* of the habits of this species. told us that in Lewis County. northern New York, their abundance in winter was in no y'ay affected by the severity of the weather, but was entirely dependent upon the success of the crop of beechnuts which constitute their food.

i Indeed. few birds seem better able to adapt themselves to their surroutulings. They change, their fare and habits with the season, and to the accomplishments of Woodpeckers add those of Flycatchers and fruit-eaters. We should expect, therefore, to find them very gen- e'ally distributed. but in the Northern States they show an evident choice. for certain localities. and may be wanting over wide stretches of intervening territory.

They are noisy, active birds. and their loud. rolling. tree-tmtdlike call, Irer—r—I'ur/r, Irer-r—rur/r, and bright colors eombiue to render them conspicuous. When on the wing the white secondaries of both adult and immature birds make a striking tield mark.

409. Melanerpes carolinus (LII/111.). I‘ililt-IHCIJJED Woonrm‘mzta. All. 5 .—\\'hole top of the head and baek ot' the neek bright searlet: baek regularly barred with blaek and white; primaries black at the end, white, irregularly barred with black. at the, base : seeondaries blaelxx regularly spotted and barred with white; upper tail»eoverts white. with streaks or arrowheads ot' blaek; outer tail—feathers and inner vanes ot' the middle ones irregularly marked with broken blaek and white bars : cheeks and under parts dull a>liy white. the region about the, base ot'the bill. the middle of the belly, and some- times the breast mot‘e or less tinged with red. All. 9 .——-.\'imilar, but with the crown grayish ashy. the searlet confined to the nape and nostrils. [UL-Simi— latx but with the belly sometimes tinged with bull'y instead ot‘ red. 14., 9‘50; W.. S-oo; '1‘“ 34o; 1%.. 1'1".

It’d/lym-sliastern ['nited States, breeding from Florida to Maryland. and in the interior to Ontario and southern Dakota: oeeasiotutlly strays to Massa— chusetts: winters from Virginia and southern ()hio soutlnvardi

Washington. locally eotntnon l’. ly‘. Cambridge. .\. \X, one reeord.

Ain‘t. in trees7 about twenty feet from the ground. [LE/(N, four to six, I'll?) X ‘75.

* Bull Nutt. Orn. (‘lub. iii. 1378. pp. 123—128.