BLACKBIRDS, ORIOLES, l‘l'l‘t‘. 261

0 Head and ntek all around seal-brown . . . . 49.3 Cowman 6. d Napt‘ butl\ 1un1p whitish . . . . 4‘14. l1111;1111\1t 5. III. Under parts grayish, slate- color, chestnut. or bufl’y. -1. Under pa1ts gra31sh<1r slam-color. (1. Under parts grayish; bill tinehlike; wing u11dL'l‘4'00. 4W1. Cowman Q . b. Under parts and upper parts slate-color, the feathers sometimes tipped with brownish . . . . . . . 5W. Rus’rr BLACKBIRU 9. 13. Under parts bully or chestnut. a. Coder parts butl'y. generally with a few black streaks. 4114. Bououxk 9. 6. Under parts butl'y, without black streaks: tail about 51-01). 513. BOAT—TAILED GnAeKLE 9. 4:. Under parts chestnut; throat black. 506. ()m‘nitnn Omen-7 ( 5 1111.). IV. Under parts black and white, or black tipped or mar- gined with rusty. a. Under parts streaked blaek and white, or black tipped with white; shoulder generally red or reddish. 495. RI-lIP‘VIXGI-Zl) BLAUKIHIH) ( 9 and inn). 495/). Fumnm Runwmr. t9 and i111.). [7. Upper parts and under parts tipped with rusty. 5W. lh'srr BLACKIHRD (i111.). c. Nape bufl'y, rump whitish . . . . . . . . . 4114. Bonnmxk 6-

494. Douchonyx oryzivorus (Li/221.). Bonome; Human“); R1e1-2131n11. .14]. 5 , bra-«Hay [Jul/111116.;Top and sides ot' the head and under parts blaek. the feathers more, or less tipped with a narrow whitish or cream— buti' fringe, which Wears miles the season advanees; bark of the neck with a large yellowish err-anrbuti' patch; middle of back generally streaked “-ith cream—butt; seapulars. lowur bat-k, and upper tail~eo\‘erts soiled grayish white; wines and tail black; tail‘t'eathers with [lfl/lll‘fit/l/[M‘ ,' hill blue—black. All. 9 .-Upper parts olive—bull] streaked with black; crown blackish. with a

central stripe of olive but?" nape finely spotted and bar-k broadly streaked

with blat k , “luvs and tail brownish t'nseous; tail— ti-athers with/10211111] pr,

under parts 3ello\\ish or l1utl'3‘ white. A l. in Ifu/l am! lin.——Si1n1lar to

female. but bullier and more olivaeeous throughout. 1... 7“); W., 3'76; T., "3; ii, ’55,

It’rA/Ilztrk.\-.—'l‘l1e young and adults in fall plumage are known as Reeds birds. Adults acquire this plumage by a complete molt after the breeding: season. The breeding plumage is regained by a eo111plete molt. in the spring. and not. as has been supposed, by a change in the volor of the feathers with- out 111(1lting. Freshly plumaged males have the black veiled by yellow tips to the feathers; these gradually wear ofi‘, and by June have almost; entirely disappeared (cf. Chapman, Auk, x, 181.13, p. 30111.

Kenya—Breeds from southern New Jersey northward to Nova Scotia, westward to [Ttah and northern Montana; leaves the United States by way of Florida. and winters in South .\n1erir1a.