272 FINCHES, SPARROWS, ETC. 
     
    
   
   
    
     and Finches are more arboreal. Many species take high rank as song- 
     
     sters, and some of our favorite cage-birds belong to this family. 
     
    
   
   
    
     KEY TO THE snows. 
     
     1. Under parts with red. 
     
     II. Under parts with no red and without distinct streaks; throat or breast 
     
     sometimes with a patch or spot. 
     
     III. Under parts without red and with numerous streaks. 
     
    
   
   
    
     I. Under parts with red. 
     
     A. Wing—coverts plainly tipped with white or whitish, or with a white 
     
     or yellow band in the wing. 
     
    
   
   
    
     a. No red in the upper parts. 
     
     a'. Back black; rump whitish, throat black, breast and under wing- 
     
    
   
   
    
     coverts rosy red . . . 595. Ross-Baassrno GROSBEAK ( 6 ad.). 
     
     a“. Back and under ports streaked with black; under wing—eoverts 
     
     rosy red . . . . . . 595. RosE—BREAsTEn GROSBEAK ( 6 im.). 
     
    
   
   
    
     0. Red on upper parts confined to crown or forehead, and sometimes a 
     
     tinge on the rump: wing under 3'25. 
     
     bl. Rump and flanks generally without blackish streaks; feathers 
     
     of back generally with whitish borders. 
     
     527. GREENLAND REDPOLL. 527a. HOARY REDPOLL. 
     
     lfl. Rump and flanks always streaked; feathers of back with little 
     
     if any white and generally with brownish borders. 
     
     528. REDPOLL and races. 
     
     0’. Back cinnamon-brown, unstreaked; crown, nape, and sides of 
     
     the neck black; a yellow band in the wing. 
     
     EUROPEAN GOLDFINCH. 
     
     6. Red or pink spread more or loss over entire upper parts; wing over 
     
     3'25. 
     
     0‘. Tips of mandibles crossed. 
     
     522. WHITE-WINGED CROSSBILL ( 6 ad.). 
     
     0’. Bill stout; mandibles not crossed . 515. PINE GROSBEAK ( .5 ad.). 
     
     B. Wing-eoverts not tipped with white. 
     
     a. Throat black or blackish; wings and tail red; body red or olive. 
     
     593. CARDINAL. 
     
     b. Throat and more or less of under parts red or greenish red. 
     
     b1. Plumage blood-red brownish red, or greenish red; tips of the 
     
     mandibles crossed. . . . . 521. An. CROSSBILL 6. 
     
     b'.Plu1nage dull reddish, belly whitish; back indistinetly streaked, 
     
     with bristly feathers over the nostrils. 
     
     517. PURPLE F1Ncn(6 ad.). 
     
     6'. Head blue; back green; rump red. 
     
     601. PAINTED BUNTING ( 6 ad.). 
     
     11. Under parts with no red and without distinct streaks; 
     
     throat or breast sometimes with a. patch or spot. 
     
     1. Tail with white spots; bars, or patches. 
     
     A. Back plain, without streaks.