l"ll\'(‘lllCS, SPARROWS, ETC. 311

This southern race of the 'I‘owhee does not associate with the northern bird, whieh is abundant in the south in the winter.

The latter seleets haunts ot' inneh the same nature as those in which it passes the summer, while the southern bird lives in heavv growths of scrub palmetto. The notes of ul/euz' differ from those of eryt/u‘opht/Ialmus,' its [me/mt is inneh higher. and its song, as Dr. Allen pointed out years ago. .15 shorter. lt is also a shyer bird than its northern cousin.

593. Cardinalis cardinalis (1.021).). (Amman. Ad. 5 .—Tl1roat and region about the base of the hill blaek; rest of the plumage brie-ht rosy red, the upper parts tipped with grayish; a eonspieuous crest; bill red. All. 9.—Throat and region about the base of bill grayish blaek; erest, wings, and tail dull red; upper parts olive brownish ash: under parts butl'y oehru~ ceous~ lighter on the belly. and sometimes tinged with red on the breast. L., 5-25; \\'., 3-7."); ’1‘., 4w: 1%.. an.

It’d/iyer—Eastern linited States; breeds from Florida to lowa and south— ern New York ; resident throughout its range.

Washington. eonnnon 1’. 1L; less eonnnon than formerly. Sing Sing, A. V. Cambridge, easual. two instances.

Nest, of twigs. rootlets. and strips of bark, lined with grasses and rootlets, in bushes. lair/ye. three to four. white or bluish white. speckled or spotted with grayish brown, einnanuunbrown. or umber. 1'00 x W.

Ono‘s first impression of the Cardinal Grosbeak will usually be that he is rather a clumsy fellow. Ilis bod" appears to be stiff, as if it were made of wood. different in every way from the pliant, lithe body of the (‘atbird, for example. lle hops about on the ground with tail held well up out. of harm's vay, and eomes heavily down upon his feet, as if his body were really very solid. In fact, he is not at all a graeeful bird.

He is a famous singer. his song being a loud, 01 air whistle, into which usually enters quite frequently the sound of q.’ q/ q/ and a peculiar long-drawn-out e-P/ sometimes syllabled as “three ttliUErsl” lie is a favorite cage-bird. The female Cardinal is herself a eharming Singer, more pleasingr to many than her mate. her music being softer in tone and otherwise different from his. The eommon call-note of both is a sharp, abrupt [sf]; .’ ~asily reeognixed after being“r onee heard.

As the h 'ad of a family the (‘ardinal is admirable. not only in his attentions to his lovely dove-eolored mate. but in singing to her by the hour, and in proteeting her from intrusion ordanger. To the young in the nest he is an untiring providerof worinsainl grabs. and thus most useful in a garden. Nothingr ('an be more eomieal than his behavior when he first eondnets his young family out into the world while his mate is engaged with her seeond sitting. He is as t'ussy as any young;r