C4EOGRAPH1CAL BOUNDARIES. 75 a broken, rugged configuration ; in some parts thickly wooded to the water's edge, or to the utmost verge of the most perpendicular cliffs ; in others, as along the greater part of Newfoundland , the south-eastern shores of Nova Scotia , and the whole of Labrador , rocks, with dwarfish trees growing thinly among them, predominate. Within the Bay of Fundy, the coast, that of Nova Scotia in particular, is fertile and beautiful; and the features of Prince Edward Island , and the greater part of Nova Scotia and Bruns¬ wick, situated within the Gulf of Lawrence, are soft, luxuriant, and picturesque, with trees growing almost uninterrupted, along the coasts and over the country. Along the river Lawrence, from the Bay de Chaleur to Quebec , and for some miles upwards, the country is of a bold mountainous character, and covered with dense forests. After passing the high lands above Quebec , the lands on each side of the Lawrence are low, fertile, and in most parts of alluvial formation. The country, with few interrup¬ tions, maintains this appearance until we reach , close to the falls of Niagara; above which, again, along the lakes, a flat country prevails. Wherever cataracts occur, the surface of the adjoining country is unequal. We observe this at Niagara, and at all the falls and rapids of the Lawrence, and other rivers. The districts lying intermediate between cataracts, are usually flat, and of alluvial formation. The *■ geological structure and mineralogy of the