BANK FOGS. 197 that of their atmospheres, producing the two effects of evaporation and condensation. Unless it blows hard, there is not by any means a heavy sea on the bank, as is generally represented, except within a few miles of the edges, where there is a perpetually rough sea, with a cold, thick, and piercing fog. A t thermometer will as certainly ascertain the moment ' a ship is over the bank, as the sounding lead; the temperature of the water being 10° to 12° Fahren¬ heit colder than that of the surrounding sea. Along the coast of , within the gulf stream, there is a strong counter-current; and in making an outward voyage, navigators think it advantageous to keep in its track. The current of the gulf stream is so powerful, that it retards, on an outward voyage, the progress of a ship from forty to sixty miles a- day, while, on a homeward voyage, it increases the rate of sailing so much, that sailors term returning from to , " going down hill." , which enters Newfoundland about twenty miles north of John's, is fifty-three miles deep from Point de Grates on the west side, and thirty-eight miles from Francis on the east, to Holyrood , and about twenty miles broad. The shores of this inlet are bold and mountainous. The headlands and coast between the numerous harbours or bays within it, are rugged and precipitous. In regard to population, (about 22,000,) opulence of the inhabitants, and enterprise of the fishermen, it must be considered the first district in Newfoundland . It received its name from Gaspar de Corte Real, a