232 NEWFOUNDLAND.

the finest colour and quality; second, Madeira, which are nearly equal to the first; third, West India fish, the refuse of all that is sufficiently cured to stand a sea voyage, without putrefying, and which, with the greater part of the Madeira, is sent for sale to the West Indies, to feed the negroes ; lastly, the broken fish, dun-fish, or whatever will not keep in warm countries, but which is in general equally good for domestic consumption: mud-fish, or green-fish, is generally understood to be cod-fish, either wholly or

partially split and pickled.

The sounds are generally taken from the bones and the tongues, cut out of the heads by women and children, or old men. They are pickled in kegs. The livers of cod are put into vats or puncheons, exposed to the sun, the heat of which is sufficient to render them into oil, which is drained off, and put into casks for shipping. The remaining blubber is boiled to obtain the oil it contains.

The livers taken from the number of cod that will, when dry, make up 300 quintals, ough to produce a ton of oil; but sometimes it requires double the quantity to yield a ton, while the livers of 150 quin- tals have been known to produce a ton.

The shore fishery is the most productive of both merchantable fish and oil. The northern fishery, now enjoyed by France, was carried on by the planters, by proceeding in schooners, with necessary stores and skifl‘s, to the northern harbours of Newfoundland, much in the same way as the fishery is at present conducted at Labrador, and the schooners sent back