The separator improved the efficiency of the process even more. A series of discs inside the machine were rotated by turning a handle. The centrifugal force of the rotating discs separated the whole milk into milk and cream which were drawn off through spouts and collected into different containers. The cream was made into butter and the milk was kept on the farm for use in the house or fed to the farm animals. It was important that the separator was rotated at a constant speed to ensure proper separation. A bell rang to indicate that the speed should be increased if the handle was not turned fast enough. The cream was thicker if the handle was cranked faster. Thick cream made excellent ice cream but separating this way was considered wasteful because some of the cream escaped with the milk. After separating, the cream was churned into butter. The first churn the settlers used was a dash churn. This was a tall crock with a cover. In the bottom of the churn was a dash fastened to a handle which protruded through a hole in the center of the cover. This handle, like a broom stick, was lifted up and down to churn the cream. The barrel churn, a wooden barrel on a stand, succeeded the dash churn. The early barrels were rotated by turning a handle crank; later versions were equipped with a foot pedal. The churn was peddled until the butter formed. The butter milk was then drawn off, water was put in, and the butter was worked some more. The butter was taken out, salt and colour were added, and the butter was kneaded. The butter was put into crocks and put back in the dairy to be kept cool until needed. Fur Farming A new branch of agriculture began on Prince Edward Island in the late 1800s with the advent of fox farming. The fashion industry created a demand for silver black fox fur and the Island climate lent itself favourably to raising these animals. Robert Oulton and Sir Charles Dalton began the Island industry on in the western end of the province. J.W. Callbeck , a resident of the Crossroad in the 1880 Atlas, operated a very successful fox ranch on his farm in North Tryon . J.W . moved to Summerside in 1905 where he also became a prominent livestock breeder of Clydesdale horses and swine. J.W . was a promoter of the Prince Edward Island Fox Breeders Association and became the first president of the Canadian Silver Fox Breeders Association at a meeting held at the Summerside Town Hall on October 11, 1920 with Mr. E.H. Rayner in the chair. T. Arthur Dawson and Richard Lord were ap¬ pointed directors for the Tryon area on July 12, 1921. The total Canadian membership grew from 80 in 1921 to 153 in 1922. William Ethelbert Bert Dawson had moved from North Tryon to New Hampshire where he was introduced to the fox ranching industry. 20