, hich was done in the early part of the winter. When some of the farms were all cleared for cultivation, coal was used and 'radually oil which was an advantage, although more costly, but “he home was more comfortable at all times and there was no fear of the water pipes freezing in zero weather. “

g . § The first improvement in heating the part of the home besides the kitchen was the base-burner. This stove burned hard coal and a scuttle full of coal could be added at a time through a cover at the top and this was self-fed, producing a constant heat night and day. These stoves were used in the first quarter of the twentieth century, but were gradually replaced by coal or wood furnaces placed in the basement. The majority of these were pipeless fur- ‘paces with one radiator in a convenient floor of their home. Then came oil space heaters which some preferred, oil floor furnaces,

giot water furnaces and hot air furnaces with baseboard heating.

WATER SUPPLY

. i C fiwmm:

Many brooks and springs furnish a good water supply for farm nimals when on pasture. In bygone days, if there was no water _, vailable in the pasture field, the cattle were driven to a brook -t milking time before going to the barnyard, or watered from .5 tub at the back door of the house. The early settlers had dug ells, which were deep excavations lined with stones. A pole with a»; crook on one end was used to lower the pail into the water. . ater, a chain and Windlass were used to haul up a full bucket. ; ome farmers had windmills which drew water from a well or bored ump in the corner of a pasture field. Between 1915 and 1920, . armers had wells bored at their barns and a water system installed 3' at kept a constant flow of water available for each cow. A f ement tank was sometimes built to contain four or five hundred allons of water, which was pumped by a gasoline engine, which 3,; as used on the farm for other purposes. Several farmers in our ,. 0mmunitv had springs bubbling from higher ground than where '1 l eir buildings were located, and this water could be piped to their ouse and barn which was a great convenience.

. In one farm home, there was an unusual method of receiving . elr water supply which comes from a spring in a hollow below i e level of their home. This water was forced to the home by ;_ cans of a ram which acted as a hydraulic engine. This was used :01' about fifty years, until an electric motor was installed, and Iuld still be used in case of an emergency.

About 1940 or 1945 modern water systems were installed with throom facilities, and, when Reddy kilowatt started pumping .3 ater for us in 1954, it was like living in a new world.

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