were burned. It took a long time to burn the big piles of green logs. Neigh¬ bours would assist neighbours but each had to get a little land for his crop. The last land in our district to be cleared were parts of Thomas Tuplin 's, Joe Camerons , Keith Mann 's farms and Leslie Ramsay 's. About fifty years ago the farms were growing by a field or half field a year. The farmer had it easier than the early settler. He cut down the lumber and pulled the stumps with capstan and a horse hitched to a wire cable or chain. The rough ground was ploughed with a single mould-board plough. It was then covered with mud from under the ice of the Bay. The first crop sown was buckwheat to enrich the land and make it more tillable. For every acre of rich smooth fields of our community, there was an army of men, strong of mind, heart, and limb, who wrestled it from the strands of maple, birch, fir, pine and hemlock. Recent years stumping was done by bulldozer. Our district consists of three thousand one hundred and twenty-one acres and about six hundred acres of wooded land. There are forty-three farm and house holders in the community. In our original history we drew a map which showed the homes and names of the householders. The fields are rectangular in shape and are fringed with a few trees. The fences are mostly barbed wire. The main agricultural crops: hay, grain, potatoes and turnips are grown by most farmers. Cows, horses, beef cattle, pigs and poultry are found on all farms. At least four farms of the district are Centennial Farms. The present owners of these farms are: Bernard A. MacLellan , Peter MacLellan , Donald MacLellan and Charles Gill is. "Our district has broad and fertile meadows, Farms — woods of spruce and pines Winding country roads Link busy farm homes in line." Over the years many improvements and changes have taken place in farming and home life of our district. In the next page or two we are going to tell you about some of these changes. Once the early settler had the trees cut down, he ploughed among the stumps with a very crude plough. He simply stirred up the soil. We often wonder what our forefathers would think of the modern ploughs today. The seed was scattered by hand on the ground and covered with a wooden- throathed harrow. The wooden-teeth were replaced with iron ones. Need¬ less to say, these early implements were not of labor saving variety. The improvements made in planting and harvesting are very striking. The grain was sown by hand and the sickle was used to harvest it when ripe. The carved reaping hook in the hand of the reaper severed the grain near the roots and handfuls were layed for those who followed raking and binding. By twisting a small handful of stalks a band was made and fast¬ ened around the sheaf which was later set up by the stooker. The invention of the cradle to cut the grain was a great improvement over the sickle. It was a wooden framework which gathered the grain to¬ gether. It was fastened to a scythe and laid the grain in a swath, heads all one way, for the men who followed to rake and bind by hand. 20