of binding; some people were very fast, they grabbed a small hand full of grain as they let the sheaf drop, twisted this up on the way to the next sheaf, picked it up under the arm and with a quick twist the band was on and another band was in the making.

When hay was cut with the scythe it was raked by hand with a hand rake mentioned before but when the mowers came a rake was made by making holes in a 4x4 piece of lumber and putting bars through so that they protruded two feet on each side and six inches apart, these bars were sharpened so they would run under the hay, shafts were fitted to a frame work five feet wide, a man drove the horse with one hand and held a handle in the other, when the bars filled up with hay he hitched the handle up and the bars stuck into the ground and turned over and the other side started to gather; only one swath was raked at

a time.

Next the two wheel self dump rake came that raked two swaths at once; it had steel teeth and bands or notches in wheel hubs that locked and dumped by pressing your toe on a lever, it could also be

operated by hand.

Side delivery rakes made a nice windrow for a hay loader or hay bailer.

The first sleighs were plank runners and crossbars of the same material, without shoeing.

Moses Graham made an improvement on this by using a plank with a natural turn from a roof of a tree, benches were carved out to give more clearance and were pinned to the runners with iron pins and steel for shoeing; this invention brought visitors all the way from

Malpeque to New London.

The first carts were a crude affair called a go—devil, the wheels were made of plank nailed together crosswise to make a solid wheel four inches thick, axle was wood and sills of box was kept in place by

wood-en pins on each side of axle.

Joseph Duggan had the first cart with the hubs, spokes, felloe, steel tire and axle, they came from Scotland and cost ten pounds.

Buggies and truck wagons came in the 19th century in the days of carriage building.

PLOWS AND HARROWS

The first plows were a wooden frame; a blacksmith made the share and coulter and put steel plates over the mold board; some say they only had one handle. Next came the old iron plow with long handles, no wheel to regulate depth, you raised or lowered the handles to the proper depth, these plows turned a narrow sod; a good plowman

could make a well finished job.

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