horses, 65% of the other farm animals and 60% of the crops. Seven of these thirteen are among those designated here as original settlers. Pour householders, in addition to the wheelright, did not hold any land. On the other hand, more farmers claimed ownership to crops th-n claimed ownership of, or title to, arable land; this seems to indicate cooperative farming, by some of the settlers. Local tradition confirmed this conclusion. .According to local tradition these early settlers to Kinkora were Irish emigrants from counties and Monaghan . Burke and Blanchard state they were tenants of the notorious Henry Westeura ( Westenra ), Lord Rossmore , (11) and had been bordering on starvation at home, where they ~" eked out a miserable existence on farms of from two to seven acres, upon which it was barely possible to live, much less pay rent. Others, again, were from the parish of Tynan, ("") where was the celebrated "Bishop Estate" administered by a body of twelve clergymen. On this estate every worldly advantage and indulgence were offered the tenants, provided they would send their children to the Church School. (12) The picture painted in this passage, and supported by local tradition in stories about the poverty of the first settlers, may be inaccurate. The 1841 Census shows that among the 155 settlers from Ireland only nine did not pay for their travel fare to America; the fare was approximately three pounds per person. Twenty-six householders emigrated from Ireland with their families. Economic conditions in Ireland in the 1820's and 1830's are usually described as those of a minor depression however, the economic historian, L. M. Cullen , suggests that this picture has been exaggerated. He suggests that it was %>