teacher, clergyman, physician, mail driver shall be liable for breaking winter roads."17

As the ice was used for transportation during the winter months, a project called "Bushing the Ice" was started, and this shortened travelling distances. As a safeguard against unexpected storms and poor visibility, trees were placed in holes in the ice as a guide from shore to shore. To make this possible, holes were cut in the ice approximately 40 yards apart. Some spruce or fir trees would be cut 7-8 feet high, with a wedge- shaped cut on the bottom. If the water did not come in the holes, water had to be carried and poured in the holes and the tree held until frozen. The ice was bushed from OnNell Cove to Gallows Point, China Point, Vernon Bridge, and up the Orwell River to Orwell,

in 1916, the fare for horse and carriage service from Charlottetown to Orwell Cove was 50 cents. Horses could be stabled at Levi lngs' barn, where Stanley Morrison now lives. Horse-drawn road scrapers were used to keep the roads in good repair for travelling. They were followed by road maintainers with hydraulic controls. These machines were fitted with snowplough blades for the winter months. In 1966, the roads in OnNell Cove were paved from Grant's Corner to Walter MacLeod's and over to Edison MacLean's.

The 1900's showed progress in many areas, such as transportation. It was during this time that Henry Ford invented the car. In 1909, Ford claimed his customers could have any colour carthey wanted as long as itwas black. But, at the same time, Chevrolet was producing cars in many different colours. Mr. Ford had to improve, or lose prospective customers.

The Sears Roebucks' catalogue offered five different models of

the Sears motor car in 1910. They were considered good hill— ' climbers and excellent performers in mud and sand, which is a quality no Islander can do without. During the winter, the cars

17 Taken from the Journal of Legislative Assembly,

1913.

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