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ENDNOTES

RECORDS OF THE FOREST PRIOR TO THE FRENCH PERIOD:

1. Forest descriptions in Mi'kmaq place-names.

Before the arrival of the first Europeans the native people of Prince Edward Island, the Mi’kmaq, undoubtedly had an extensive nomenclature for the major natural features of the island, such as rivers, bays, points of land, and offshore islands, and perhaps also for human-associated places such as camp-sites and portages. It is possible that some of these names were based on the types of tree or forest occurring in a particular area. However, of the eight place-names of Mi’kmaq origin still in current use, none contain a forest descriptive 143.

We are fortunate that between 1849 and 1890 a Baptist missionary to the Mi’kmaq, Silas Rand, made an attempt to record and translate all of the Mi’kmaq place-names in the Maritime provinces then in use. Though he was recording these names some three hundred years after the first contact with Europeans in the sixteenth century, and we now have no way of knowing how long the names that he recorded had been in use, Rand’s work is the only written record of what was probably a much richer stock of names in use prior to European colonisation. Although on the mainland Rand recorded six place—names that incorporate tree species (one pine, one spruce, two hemlocks, and two hardwoods)‘4‘, he recorded only two forest-related names for Prince Edward Island, neither of which refer to particular tree species:

kwesoma/egek — 'hardwood point’; a name for Beech Point, Lot 18.145

oo/egujech — ’the stumpy place’; a name for Crown Point, Lot 48.““5

For the first of these sites it is of interest that both the Mi’kmaq and English names refer to hardwood trees (Beech Point is first attested on a chart of 1850‘"). However, rather than the English name being a loose translation of an earlier Mi’kmaq name, it is more likely that the two names were independently applied and were based on the presence of hardwoods (presumably beech woods) in the area of the point.

143

Rayburn 1973, p. 1.

144

Clark 1902?

“5 Douglas 1925, p. 12.

145

Douglas 1925. p. 38.

“7 Rayburn 1973, p. 21.