Firewood shortages ............................................... 77 
     
     The commercial sale of firewood ..................................... 79 
     
     The effects of firewood collecting on the forest ........................... 79 
     
    
   
   
    
     HARVESTING TIMBER FOR USE AND EXPORT 
     
    
   
   
    
     The procedures used in the timber harvest .............................. 80 
     
     SAWMILLS 
     
     Pit-sawing ....................................................... 83 
     
     Some early sawmills ............................................... 84 
     
     The building and operation of a sawmill ................................ 85 
     
     The millwrights ................................................... 87 
     
     The production of the sawmills ....................................... 87 
     
     The roles of the sawmills in forest destruction ........................... 88 
     
    
   
   
    
     THE TIMBER EXPORT TRADE 
     
    
   
   
    
     The export markets ................................................ 89 
     
     The timbertrade to Bn'tain in the eighteenth century ....................... 89 
     
     The timber trade to Britain in the nineteenth centuiy ....................... 90 
     
     Timber exports to the West Indies ..................................... 93 
     
     Timber exports to Newfoundland ...................................... 93 
     
     Timber exports to the United States .................................... 94 
     
     The types of woods exported ......................................... 94 
     
     The effect of the timber harvest on the forest ............................. 97 
     
     Wood shortages, and the importing of wood to the island ................... 98 
     
     THE WOOD USED IN SHIP-BUILDING 
     
     The chronology of ship-building on the island ............................ 100 
     
     The trees used in ship-building ........................................ 102 
     
     Conclusions ...................................................... 105 
     
    
   
   
    
     SECONDARY INDUSTRIES USING WOOD 
     
    
   
   
    
     Fuelwood use by secondary industries ................................. 106 
     
     Carriage and sleigh making .......................................... 106 
     
     Cabinet work and furniture making .................................... 106 
     
     Barrel making .................................................... 107 
     
     Mill-work and machinery ............................................ 107 
     
     Household and farming utensils ...................................... 107 
     
     Ships“ equipment .................................................. 107 
     
     Wooden canoes .................................................. 108 
     
    
   
   
    
     OTHER FOREST PRODUCTS 
     
    
   
   
    
     Hemlock bark ..................................................... 108 
     
     Birch bark ....................................................... 108 
     
     Potash ......................................................... 109 
     
     Maple sugar ...................................................... 109 
     
     Medicinal ortherapeutic plants ....................................... 110 
     
     Fruits and nuts from the forest ....................................... 110 
     
     Green manures from the forest ....................................... 110 
     
     The use of native trees in landscaping ................................. 111 
     
     Forest game birds and mammals ..................................... 111 
     
     The furs of forest mammals .......................................... 111 
     
     The effect on the forest of the building and operation of the P.E.l. Railway ...... 111