AZ

MacGregor (1828) ‘the richest soil‘ “In its natural state, the quality of the soil may be readily ascertained by the description of wood growing on Hardwoods (with conifers?) (resident politician it: being richest where the maple, beech, black birch, and a mixture of other trees grow," and author) ‘less fertile soil‘ “and less fertile where the fir, spruce, larch, and other species of the pine tribe are most numerous. Conifer forest. Bouchette (1832) ‘rich land‘ “The soil may be appreciated by the species of timber which it produces; maple, beech, black birch, with Hardwoods (with conifers?) (absentee surveyor a mixture of trees, generally indicating a rich land and author, using second-hand “fir. spruce, larch, and the various descriptions of pine, are found on inferior tracts." Conifer forest. information)

Hill (1839) soils of ‘superior The fertility of the soil of Prince Edward island, is sufficiently indicated by its natural productions. where Mixed hardwood (sugar and (resident proprietor quality’ maple of its several kinds, and beech and black birch, intermixed with the larger species of the fir red maple, beech, yellow and author) tribe, prevail and attain the greatest perfection, they are justly considered conclusive evidence of the birch) with some conifers

superior quality of the soil. (?white pine, ?hemlock, ?red spruce).

‘soils hardly worth “There are some districts, but they are not extensive, where the soil is very sandy, and hardly at present, Spruce and fir forest; sandy cultivating’ worth cultivating, The lands of this description, in their wild state, are indicated by their productions, which soils. are usually scrubby spruces and other species of firs of stinted growth.”

Seymour (1840) ‘good soil’ ”a few Pine, much Hemlock & young hardwoods indicating a good soil" [at a particular site in Lot 13]. Hardwoods and hemlock, (visiting proprietor) with some pine. Lawson (1851) ‘good soil’ “If there be a vigorous growth of hard wood — as we term it — such as rock-maple, black-birch and beech, Hardwood forest (sugar (resident author) he [i.e. ‘the emigrant’] may be tolerably sure that the soil is good;" maple, yellow birch, beech). ‘questionable soil‘ “if, on the contrary, the prevailing wood is white-birch, spruce (or fir, more properly), or hemlock , the Spruce or hemlock or white soil is questionable." birch forest.

Bain (1890) ‘Best agricultural “On the rolling districts, affording the best agricultural soils, Beech, Yellow Birch, Maple, Oak, and White Hardwood forest (sugar

(resident author) soils’ Pine flourish, with an undergrowth of Mountain Maple, Rowan, Hazel, Elder and thick-tangled brambles." maple. yellow birch, beech, with oak or white pine).

‘cold soils’ “On the cold soils of the swamps and barrens a different class of vegetation abounds. Spruces and Softwood forest (spruces, sparse-foliaged Larches, Poplars, Birches, Aspens, and moss-grown Firs form the timber growth; while tamarack and fir, with

a thick, shrubby carpet of Andromeda, Ledum, Whortleberries, and prostrate Arbutus spreads at their feet." p0p|ars and birches).